Barbraud, C., Johnson, A. R., and Bertault, G.: Phenotypic correlates of
post-fledging dispersal in a population of Greater Flamingos: the importance
of body condition, J. Anim. Ecol., 72, 246–257,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00695.x, 2003.
Bercovitz, A. B., Czekala, N. M., and Lasley, B. L.: A new method of sex
determination in monomorphic birds, J. Zoo Anim. Med., 9, 114–124,
https://doi.org/10.2307/20094391, 1978.
Bertault, G., Joulia, D., Johnson, A. R., and Raymond, M.: Sex determination
in Greater Flamingos chicks through DNA analysis, Waterbirds, 22, 282–284,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1522216, 1999.
Bertault, G., Raymond, M., Rousset, F., Cézilly, F., and Johnson, AR.:
Evidence of seasonal sex ratio manipulation in the Greater Flamingos,
Waterbirds, 23, 20–25, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522142, 2000.
Bertellotti, M., Tella, J. L., Godoy, J. A., Blanco, G., Forero, M. G.,
Donázar, J., and Ceballos, O.: Determining sex of Magellanic Penguins using
molecular procedures and discriminant functions, Waterbirds, 25, 479–484,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0479:DSOMPU]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Bosch, M.: Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Yellow-legged
Gulls, J. Field Ornithol., 67, 534–541, 1996.
Bourgeois, K., Curé, C., Legrand, J., Gómez-Díaz, E., Vidal,
E., Aubin, T., and Mathevon, N.: Morphological versus acoustic analysis: what
is the most efficient method for sexin
g yelkouan shearwaters Puffinus
yelkouan?, J. Ornithol., 148, 261–269,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0127-3, 2007.
Brennan, L. A., Buchanan, J. B., Schick, C. T., and Herman, S. G.: Estimating
sex-ratios with discriminant function analysis: The influence of probability
cutpoints and sample size, J. Field Ornithol., 62, 357–366, 1991.
Cardoni, D. A., Maldonado, J. E., Isacch, J., and Greenberg, R.: Subtle sexual
dimorphism in the Bay-Capped Wren-Spinetail (Furnariidae) uncovered through
molecular sex determination, Ornitol. Neotrop., 20, 347–355, 2009.
Childress, B., Harper, D., Hughes, B., and Ferris, C.: Sex determination in
the Lesser Flamingos (
Phoenicopterus minor) using morphological measurements, Ostrich, 76,
148–153, https://doi.org/10.2989/00306520509485487, 2005.
Childress, R. B. and Bennun, L. A.: Sexual character intensity and its
relationship to breeding timing, fecundity and mate choice in the Great
Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus, J. Avian Biol., 33, 23–30,
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330105.x, 2002.
Copello, S., Quintana, F., and Somoza, G.: Sex determination and sexual
size-dimorphism in Southern Giant Petrels (Macronectes giganteus) from
Patagonia, Argentina, Emu, 106, 141–146, https://doi.org/10.1071/MU05033,
2006.
Cuthill, I. C., Bennett, A. T. D., Partridge, J. C., and Maier, E. J.: Plumage
reflectance and the objective assessment of avian sexual dichromatism, Am.
Nat., 153, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.1086/303160, 1999.
Czekala, N. M. and Lasley, B. L.: A technical note on sex determination in
monomorphic birds using faecal steroid analysis, Int. Zoo Yearb., 17,
209–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1977.tb00912.x, 1977.
Dechaume-Moncharmont, F. X., Monceau, K., and Cézilly, F.: Sexing birds
using discriminant function: A critical appraisal, Auk, 128, 78–86,
https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10129, 2011.
Delestrade, A.: Sexual size dimorphism and positive assortative mating in
Alpine Choughs (
Pyrrhocorax graculus), Auk, 118, 553–556, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.553,
2001.
Delvin, C. M., Diamond, A. W., and Sauders, G. W.: Sexing Arctic Terns in the
field and laboratory, Waterbirds, 27, 314–320,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0314:SATITF]2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Donohue, K. C. and Dufty, A. M.: Sex determination of Red-tailed Hawks (
Buteo jamaicensis calurus)
using DNA analysis and morphometrics, J. Field Ornithol., 77, 74–79,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00003.x, 2006.
Fernandez-Juricic, E., Del-Nevo, A. J., and Poston, R.: Identification of
individual and population-level variation in vocalizations of the endangered
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (
Empidonax traillii extimus), Auk, 126, 89–99,
https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07090, 2009.
Figuerola, J., García, L., Green, A. J., Ibanez, F., Manez, M., Valle,
J. L. D., Garrido, H., Arroyo, J. L., and Rodríguez, R.: Sex determination
in glossy ibis chicks based on morphological characters, Ardeola, 53,
229–235, 2006.
Fletcher, K. and Hamer, K.: Sexing terns using biometrics: the advantage of
within-pair comparisons: Within-pair comparisons substantially improve the
accuracy of sexing from biometrics for two congeneric species of seabird
with monomorphic plumage and soft-tissue coloration, Bird Study, 50, 78–83,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650309461294, 2003.
Flux, I. and Innes, J.: A field technique for determining the sex of North
Island Kokako (
Callaeas cinerea wilsoni), Notornis, 48, 217–223, 2001.
Frey, S. J., Rimmer, C. C., McFarland, K. P., and Menu, S.: Identification and
sex determination of Bicknell's Thrushes using morphometric data, J. Field
Ornithol., 79, 408–420, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00192.x,
2008.
Fridolfsson, A. K. and Ellegren, H.: A simple and universal method for
molecular sexing of non-ratite birds, J. Avian Biol., 30, 116–121, https://doi.org/10.2307/3677252, 1999.
Greenwood, P. J.: Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and
mammals, Anim. Behav., 28, 1140–1162,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80103-5, 1980.
Griffiths, R., Double, M. C., Orr, K., and Dawson, R. J. G.: A DNA test to sex
most birds, Mol. Ecol., 7, 1071–1075,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00389.x, 1998.
Helfenstein, F., Danchin, E., and Wagner, R. H.: Assortative mating and sexual
size dimorphism in Black-legged Kittiwakes, Waterbirds, 27, 350–354,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0350:AMASSD]2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Herring, G., Gawlik, D. E., and Beerens, J. M.: Sex determination for the Great
Egret and White Ibis, Waterbirds, 31, 298–303,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[298:SDFTGE]2.0.CO;2, 2008.
Herring, G., Ackerman, J. T., Eagles-Smith, C. A., and Takekawa, J. Y.: Sexing
California Gulls using morphometrics and discriminant function analysis,
Waterbirds, 33, 79–85, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0109, 2010.
Hurley, V. G., Hogan, F., White, J., and Cooke, R.: A morphological model for
sexing nestling Peregrine Falcons (
Falco peregrinus macropus) verified through genetic analysis,
Wildl. Res., 34, 54–58, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR06059, 2007.
Isaksson, A., Wallman, M., Göransson, H., and Gustafsson, M. G.:
Cross-validation and bootstrapping are unreliable in small sample
classification, Pattern Recogn. Lett., 19, 1960–1965,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2008.06.018, 2008.
Lislevand, T., Marthinsen, G., and Lifjeld, J. T.: Sex differences in body
size and body condition in breeding Temminck'
s Stints
Calidris temminckii, J. Field Ornithol.,
150, 299–302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-008-0323-9, 2009.
Manly, B. F. J.: Multivariate statistical methods: A Primer, Chapman and Hall,
London, 1994.
Meissner, W.: Sex determination of juvenile Dunlins migrating through the
Polish Baltic region, J. Field Ornithol., 76, 368–372,
https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-76.4.368, 2005.
Moreno, J., Merino, S., Lobato, E., Rodríguez-Gironés, M. A., and
Vásquez, R. A.: Sexual dimorphism and parental roles in the Thorn-tailed
Rayadito (Furnariidae), Condor, 109, 312–320,
https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.2.312, 2007.
Murphy, M. T.: A cautionary tale: Cryptic sexual size dimorphism in a
socially monogamous passerine, Auk, 124, 515–525,
https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.515, 2007.
O'Dwyer, T. W., Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Bartle, J. A., and Buttemer, W. A.: An
evaluation of three field techniques for sexing Gould's Petrels (
Pterodroma leucoptera)
(Procellariidae), Emu, 106, 245–252, https://doi.org/10.1071/MU05058, 2006.
Ottvall, R. and Gunnarsson, G.: Morphological and molecular sex
identification of Redshanks Tringa totanus: Capsule Body measurements
classified 81 % of birds correctly to sex, Bird Study, 54, 127–129,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650709461464, 2007.
Palomares, L. E., Arroyo, B. E., Marchamalo, J., Sainz, J. J., and Voslamber,
B.: Sex- and age-related biometric variation of Black-headed Gulls
Larus ridibundus in
Western European populations, Bird Study, 44, 310–317,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659709461066, 1997.
Petrides, G. A.: Notes on determination of sex and age in the Woodcock and
Mourning Dove, Auk, 67, 357–360, https://doi.org/10.2307/4080924, 1950.
R Development Core Team: A Language and Environment for Statistical
Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2019.
Richner, H.: Avian Laparoscopy as a field technique for sexing birds and
anassessment of its effects on wild birds, J. Field Ornithol., 60, 137–142,
1989.
Richter, N. A. and Bourne, G. R.: Sexing Greater Flamingos by weight and
linear measurements, Zoo Biol., 9, 317–323,
https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430090407, 1990.
Setiawan, A. N., Darby, J. T., and Lambert, D. M.: The use of morphometric
measurements to sex Yellow-eyed Penguins, Waterbirds, 27, 96–101,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0096:TUOMMT]2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Shealer, D. A. and Cleary, C. M.: Sex determination of adult black terns by DNA
and morphometrics: Tests of sample size, temporal stability and geographic
specificity in the classification accuracy of discriminant function models,
Waterbirds, 30, 180–188,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[180:SDOABT]2.0.CO;2, 2007.
Stevens, J.: Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, edited by: Erlbaum,
L., Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1992.
Studer-Thiersch, A.: Tarsus length as an indication of sex in the flamingo
genus, Int. Zoo Yearb., 24, 240–243,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02546.x, 1986.
Thorogood, R., Brunton, D., and Castro, I.: Simple techniques for sexing
nestling Hihi (
Notiomystis cincta), New Zeal. J. Zool., 36, 115–121,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03014220909510146, 2009.
Tomasulo, A. M., Del-Lama, S. N., and Rocha, C. D.: Molecular method of sexing
waterbirds without DNA extraction, Waterbirds, 25, 245–248,
https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0245:MMOSWW]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Wilson, R. R.: Sex determination of the Acadian Flycatcher using discriminant
analysis, J. Field Ornithol., 70, 514–519, 1999.
Zwarts, L., Hulscher, J. B., Koopman K., and Zegers, P. M.: Discriminating the sex
of Oystercatchers
Haematopus ostralegus, Ardea, 84, 1–12, 1996.
