This paper summarizes the tree composition and structure of six sacred forests, located in northwestern Greece. These forests are recognized as important components of the cultural landscape and local traditional knowledge. However, they are gradually fading because of rural depopulation. To understand the effect of management on the forests' vegetation composition, we classified tree species across forests. Our results show the key role of former management in shaping the forests' structure.

Invasive acacias are spreading in Iberia, harming ecosystems. We did a bibliographic search of acacia invasions in S Europe and used spatial data on their distribution and abiotic parameters in Iberia – Acacia dealbata and A. melanoxylon prefer acid soils and warm and humid areas with high fire incidence, while A. saligna prefers neutral soils in the driest and warmest areas. Several acacias outcompete native shrubs partly thanks to enemy release, so biocontrol agent introduction can be useful.

This study determines the diversity of pollen morphotypes of Atriplex halimus (Amaranthaceae) along a large-scale climatic gradient. Occurrences of 10 pollen grain shapes were quantified at seven climates across a humid-to-hyperarid gradient. We discuss how the evolutionary effects of climate gradients on pollen morphology and variability in dryland induce a high level of specialization to maximize trade-offs between adaptation to severe ecological conditions and pollination efficiency.