Incorporating multiple ecological criteria in classical zero one selection algorithms

Abstract. Avifauna on Greek wetland sites is used as a model for the implementation of the Set Covering Problem in selecting nature reserves. Three site conservation values, which depend on species presence, are used as selection criteria. Their calculation is based upon species richness, species rarity and species-danger status. The conservation values must be inserted in the linear programming problem’s objective function by the form of weighting factors. Optimal solutions according to the three ecological criteria are produced. These solutions belong to the set of alternative optimal solutions of the basic Set Covering Problem with no other criterion taken into account except that of the whole species-list coverage. The set of alternative optimal solutions is generated by the explicit exclusion method. The relative value of goal programming and weighing up-criteria methods in producing a unique solution based on the three criteria simultaneously is assessed. Both methods coincide with the same alternative solution that is thus regarded as the final optimal one incorporating all the three ecological criteria.