Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/we-14-61-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/we-14-61-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Comment/reply
| 
19 Dec 2014
Comment/reply |
| 19 Dec 2014
Comment on "Opinion paper: Forest management and biodiversity": the role of protected areas is greater than the sum of its number of species
M. Mikoláš
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
M. Svoboda
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
V. Pouska
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
R. C. Morrissey
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
D. C. Donato
University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
W. S. Keeton
University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
T. A. Nagel
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Vecna Pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
V. D. Popescu
Simon Fraser University, Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
J. Müller
Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Conservation and Research, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
C. Bässler
Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Conservation and Research, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
J. Knorn
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geography Department, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
L. Rozylowicz
University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), 1 N. Balcescu Blvd., 010041, Bucharest, Romania
C. M. Enescu
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Agriculture, 59 Mărăşti Blvd., 011464, Bucharest, Romania
V. Trotsiuk
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
P. Janda
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
H. Mrhalová
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
Z. Michalová
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
F. Krumm
European Forest Institute, Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
D. Kraus
European Forest Institute, Wonnhaldestr. 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
Related subject area
Biodiversity
Revisiting the debate: documenting biodiversity in the age of digital and artificially generated images
Pollination supply models from a local to global scale
Invasive shallow-water foraminifera impacts local biodiversity mostly at densities above 20 %: the case of Corfu Island
Effects of management cessation on hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) across Austrian and Swiss mountain meadows
Ödenwinkel: an Alpine platform for observational and experimental research on the emergence of multidiversity and ecosystem complexity
Pollen morphological variability correlates with a large-scale gradient of aridity
The influence of plant species richness on stress recovery of humans
The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services and the effects of grazing cessation in semi-natural grasslands
Modelling plant invasion pathways in protected areas under climate change: implication for invasion management
Genetic diversity in the Alpine flatworm Crenobia alpina
Incorporating natural and human factors in habitat modelling and spatial prioritisation for the Lynx lynx martinoi
Relations between environmental gradients and diversity indices of benthic invertebrates in lotic systems of northern Italy
The first shoots of a modern morphometrics approach to the origins of agriculture
Do tree-species richness, stand structure and ecological factors affect the photosynthetic efficiency in European forests?
Partitioning of diversity: the "within communities" component
Diversity did not influence soil water use of tree clusters in a temperate mixed forest
Diego Sousa Campos, Rafael Ferreira de Oliveira, Lucas de Oliveira Vieira, Pedro Henrique Negreiros de Bragança, Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes, Erick Cristofore Guimarães, and Felipe Polivanov Ottoni
Web Ecol., 23, 135–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-135-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the risks of relying solely on images for biodiversity documentation. We conducted an experiment with 621 participants, revealing challenges in distinguishing artificial-intelligence-generated images. Trust is vital in biodiversity documentation, but eroded trust can hinder conservation. We call for improved communication, collaboration, and journal policies for data validation to preserve scientific credibility amidst technological advancements.
Angel Giménez-García, Alfonso Allen-Perkins, Ignasi Bartomeus, Stefano Balbi, Jessica L. Knapp, Violeta Hevia, Ben Alex Woodcock, Guy Smagghe, Marcos Miñarro, Maxime Eeraerts, Jonathan F. Colville, Juliana Hipólito, Pablo Cavigliasso, Guiomar Nates-Parra, José M. Herrera, Sarah Cusser, Benno I. Simmons, Volkmar Wolters, Shalene Jha, Breno M. Freitas, Finbarr G. Horgan, Derek R. Artz, C. Sheena Sidhu, Mark Otieno, Virginie Boreux, David J. Biddinger, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Neelendra K. Joshi, Rebecca I. A. Stewart, Matthias Albrecht, Charlie C. Nicholson, Alison D. O'Reilly, David William Crowder, Katherine L. W. Burns, Diego Nicolás Nabaes Jodar, Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi, Louis Sutter, Yoko L. Dupont, Bo Dalsgaard, Jeferson Gabriel da Encarnação Coutinho, Amparo Lázaro, Georg K. S. Andersson, Nigel E. Raine, Smitha Krishnan, Matteo Dainese, Wopke van der Werf, Henrik G. Smith, and Ainhoa Magrach
Web Ecol., 23, 99–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-99-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-99-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling tools may provide a method of measuring pollination supply and promote the use of ecological intensification techniques among farmers and decision-makers. This study benchmarks different modelling approaches to provide clear guidance on which pollination supply models perform best at different spatial scales. These findings are an important step in bridging the gap between academia and stakeholders in modelling ecosystem service delivery under ecological intensification.
Anna E. Weinmann, Olga Koukousioura, Maria V. Triantaphyllou, and Martin R. Langer
Web Ecol., 23, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-71-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-23-71-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the diversity of benthic foraminifera at the range expansion front of the invasive species Amphistegina lobifera in Corfu (central Mediterranean). The species has been suggested to impact local diversity and community structures, and our results confirm these effects as soon as A. lobifera exceeds a specific abundance threshold (> 20 %). Nevertheless, we found that the study area reveals an overall high biodiversity that can be attributed to its unique location.
Ronnie Walcher, Raja Imran Hussain, Johannes Karrer, Andreas Bohner, David Brandl, Johann G. Zaller, Arne Arnberger, and Thomas Frank
Web Ecol., 20, 143–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-143-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-143-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The abandonment of extensively managed mountainous meadows affects the diversity of both plants and associated pollinators. However, not much is known about the effects of abandonment on hoverflies which consitute an important pollinator group in grasslands. Our research suggests that extensive management is most beneficial in preserving hoverfly richness in mountainous grasslands.
Robert R. Junker, Maximilian Hanusch, Xie He, Victoria Ruiz-Hernández, Jan-Christoph Otto, Sabine Kraushaar, Kristina Bauch, Florian Griessenberger, Lisa-Maria Ohler, and Wolfgang Trutschnig
Web Ecol., 20, 95–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-95-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-95-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the Alpine research platform Ödenwinkel to promote observational and experimental research on the emergence of multidiversity and ecosystem complexity. The Ödenwinkel platform will be available as a long-term ecological research site where researchers from various disciplines can contribute to the accumulation of knowledge on ecological successions and on how interactions between various taxonomic groups structure ecological complexity in this Alpine environment.
Hindel Fatmi, Souhaïl Mâalem, Bouchra Harsa, Ahmed Dekak, and Haroun Chenchouni
Web Ecol., 20, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-19-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-20-19-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study determines the diversity of pollen morphotypes of Atriplex halimus (Amaranthaceae) along a large-scale climatic gradient. Occurrences of 10 pollen grain shapes were quantified at seven climates across a humid-to-hyperarid gradient. We discuss how the evolutionary effects of climate gradients on pollen morphology and variability in dryland induce a high level of specialization to maximize trade-offs between adaptation to severe ecological conditions and pollination efficiency.
Petra Lindemann-Matthies and Diethart Matthies
Web Ecol., 18, 121–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-121-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-121-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the influence of plant diversity on recovery from stress. The blood pressure of stressed people decreased more strongly when they were looking at species-rich vegetation instead of bare ground or vegetation consisting of only a few species during relaxation. Our results indicate that species-rich vegetation may contribute to recovery from stress, which should be considered in landscape management and planning.
Sølvi Wehn, Knut Anders Hovstad, and Line Johansen
Web Ecol., 18, 55–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-55-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-55-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of abandonment of extensively managed semi-natural grasslands on indicators of ecosystem services (ES) and found both positive and negative effects. We also studied relationships between ESs and plant species richness and whether abandonment affect these relationships. For several ESs we observed positive relationships. However, the relationships differed often between the abandoned and managed grasslands because the relationships were less pronounced in the managed.
Chun-Jing Wang, Ji-Zhong Wan, Hong Qu, and Zhi-Xiang Zhang
Web Ecol., 17, 69–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-17-69-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-17-69-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used an original global approach to explore the potential relationship between PAs and the intentional movement of IPS based on climate change. Climate change developed the potential pathways for IPS in PAs, and the ability of natural dispersal encourages IPS to invade non-native habitats in the potential movement pathways in PAs. This study shows the importance of the development of global conservation planning for PAs and biological invasion.
Martin Brändle, Jan Sauer, Lars Opgenoorth, and Roland Brandl
Web Ecol., 17, 29–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-17-29-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-17-29-2017, 2017
K. Laze and A. Gordon
Web Ecol., 16, 17–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-17-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-17-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We show areas for extending current protected areas and creating new ones for endangered sub-species of the Lynx lynx martinoi in the Albania–Macedonia–Kosovo and Montenegro–Albania–Kosovo cross-border areas. Our results highlight the importance international cooperation can have for lynx conservation. We used local knowledge on forests in the study area, our analytical skills, and our full interest in the lynx conservation. We did this study working remotely.
V. G. Aschonitis, G. Castaldelli, and E. A. Fano
Web Ecol., 16, 13–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-13-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-13-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The relations between environmental gradients and traditional diversity indices (taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness) of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the lotic systems of northern Italy were analyzed. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to describe the response of taxa to environmental gradients. Diversity indices were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLMs) with explanatory variables the first two major RDA axes.
V. Bonhomme, E. Forster, M. Wallace, E. Stillman, M. Charles, and G. Jones
Web Ecol., 16, 1–2, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-16-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The transition from a mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settled agriculture is arguably the most fundamental change in the development of human society (Lev-Yadun et al., 2000). The establishment of agricultural economies, emerging initially in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East (Nesbitt, 2002), required the domestication of crops; ancient plant remains recovered from early
farming sites provide direct evidence for this process of domestication.
F. Bussotti and M. Pollastrini
Web Ecol., 15, 39–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-15-39-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-15-39-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of tree diversity on the photosynthetic efficiency of tree species were assessed on six European mature forests (distributed along a latitudinal gradient) and in forest stands planted ad hoc with different levels of tree-species richness. The behaviour of Picea abies (spruce) was compared at the different sites. Site-specific responses were detected in relation to the age of the stands and their developmental stage.
H.-R. Gregorius
Web Ecol., 14, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-14-51-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-14-51-2014, 2014
M. Meißner, M. Köhler, and D. Hölscher
Web Ecol., 13, 31–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-13-31-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/we-13-31-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Berglund, H. and Jonsson, B. G.: Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and fungi in northern Swedish boreal forests, Conserv. Biol., 19, 338–348, 2005.
Bobiec, A.: The mosaic diversity of field layer vegetation in the natural and exploited forests of Białowie\.{z}a, Plant Ecol., 136, 175–175, 1998.
Bollmann, K. and Braunisch, V.: To integrate or to segregate: balancing commodity production and biodiversity conservation in European forests, in: Integrative approaches as an opportunity for the conservation of forest biodiversity, edited by: Kraus, D. and Krumm, F., EFI, Joensuu, 18–31, 2013.
Burrascano, S., Keeton, W. S., Sabatini, F. M., and Blasi, C.: Commonality and variability in the structural attributes of moist temperate old-growth forests: A global review, Forest Ecol. Manag., 291, 458–479, 2013.
Butchart, S. H. M., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J. P., Almond, R. E., Baillie J. E. M., Bomhard, B., Brown, C., Bruno, J., Carpenter, K. E., Carr, G. M., Chanson, J., Chenery, A. M., Csirke, J., Davidson, N. C., Dentener, F., Foster, M., Galli, A., Galloway, J. N., Genovesi, P., Gregory, R.D., Hockings, M., Kapos, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Leverington, F., Loh, J., McGeoch, M. A., McRae, L., Minasyan, A., Morcillo, M.H., Oldfield, T. E. E., Pauly, D., Quader, S., Revenga, C., Sauer, J. R., Skolnik, B. Spear, D., Stanwell-Smith, D., Stuart, S. N., Symes, A., Tierney, M., Tyrrell, T. D., Vié, J.-C., and Watson, R.: Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines, Science, 328, 1164–1168, 2010.
Cadotte, M. W., Jonathan Davies, T., Regetz, J., Kembel, S. W., Cleland, E., and Oakley, T. H.: Phylogenetic diversity metrics for ecological communities: integrating species richness, abundance and evolutionary history, Ecol. Lett., 13, 96–105, 2010.
Donato, D. C., Fontaine, J. B., Robinson, W. D., Kauffman, J. B., and Law, B. E.: Vegetation response to a short interval between high-severity wildfires in a mixed-evergreen forest. J. Ecol., 97, 142–154, 2009.
Fleishman, E., Murphy, D. D., and Brussard, P. F.: A new method for selection of umbrella species for conservation planning, Ecol. Appl., 10, 569–579, 2000.
Franklin, J. F. and Johnson, K. N.: A restoration framework for federal forests in the Pacific Northwest, J. Forest., 110, 429–439, 2012.
Griffiths, P., Kuemmerle, T., Baumann, M., Radeloff, V. C., Abrudan, I. V., Lieskovsky, J., Munteanu, C., Ostapowicz, K., and Hostert, P.: Forest disturbances, forest recovery, and changes in forest types across the Carpathian ecoregion from 1985 to 2010 based on Landsat image composites, Remote Sens. Environ., 151, 72–88, 2014.
Halme, P., Ódor, P., Christensen, M., Piltaver, A., Veerkamp, M., Walleyn, R., Siller, I., and Heilmann-Clausen, J.: The effects of habitat degradation on metacommunity structure of wood-inhabiting fungi in European beech forests, Biol. Conserv., 168, 24–30, 2013.
Keeton, W. S.: Role of managed forestlands and models for sustainable forest management: perspectives from North America, George Wright Forum, 24, 38–53, 2007.
Keeton, W. S., Angelstam P., Bihun, Y., Chernyavskyy, M., Crow, S. M., Deyneka, A., Elbakidze, M., Farley, J., Kovalyshyn, V., Mahura, B., Myklush, S., Nunery, J. R., Solovity, I., and Zahvoyska, L.: Sustainable forest management alternatives for the Carpathian Mountain region, with a focus on Ukraine, in: The Carpathians: Integrating nature and society towards sustainability, edited by: Kozak, J., Ostapowicz, K., Bytnerowicz, A., and Wyzga, B., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 331–352, 2013.
Knohl, A., Schulze, E. D., and Wirth, C.: Biosphere–Atmosphere Exchange of Old-Growth Forests: Processes and Pattern, in: Old-Growth Forests, edited by: Wirth, C., Gleixner, G., and Heimann, M., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 141–158, 2009.
Knorn, J., Kuemmerle, T., Radeloff, V. C., Szabo, A., Mindrescu, M., Keeton, W. S., and Hostert, P.: Forest restitution and protected area effectiveness in post-socialist Romania, Biol. Conserv., 146, 204–212, 2012a.
Knorn, J., Kuemmerle, T., Radeloff, C. V., Keeton, S. W., Gancz, V., Biris, I., Svoboda, M., Griffiths, P., Hagatis, A., and Hostert, P.: Continued loss of temperate old-growth post-socialist Romania, Remote Sens. Environ., 118, 199–214, 2012b.
Kuemmerle, T., Hostert, P., Radeloff, V. C., Perzanowski, K., and Kruhlov, I.: Post-socialist forest disturbance in the Carpathian border region of Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine, Ecol. Appl., 17, 1279–1295, 2007.
Kuemmerle, T., Chaskovskyy, O., Knorn, J., Radeloff, V. C., Kruhlov, I., Keeton, W. S., and Hostert, P.: Forest cover change and illegal logging in the Ukrainian Carpathians in the transition period from 1988 to 2007, Remote Sens. Environ., 113, 1194–1207, 2009.
Lehnert, L. W., Bässler, C., Brandl, R., Burton, P. J., and Müller, J.: Conservation value of forests attacked by bark beetles: Highest number of indicator species is found in early successional stages, J. Nat. Conserv., 21, 97–104, 2013.
Lesica, P., McCune, B., Cooper, S. V., and Hong, W. S.: Differences in lichen and bryophyte communities between old-growth and managed second-growth forests in the Swan Valley, Montana, Can. J. Botany, 1745–1755, 1991.
Luyssaert, S., Schulze, E. D., Borner, A., Knohl, A., Hessenmoller, D., Law, B. E., Ciais, P., and Grace, J.: Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks, Nature, 455, 213–215, 2008.
Mouillot, D., Graham, N. A., Villeger, S., Mason, N. W., and Bellwood, D. R.: A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances, Trends Ecol. Evol., 28, 167–177, 2013.
Müller, J.: Waldstrukturen als Steuergröße für Artengemeinschaften in kollinen bis submontanen Buchenwäldern, Dissertation. Technische Universität, München, http://mediatum.ub.tum.de, 2005.
Müller, J., Hothorn, T., and Pretzsch, H.: Long-term effects of logging intensity on structures, birds, saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi in stands of European beech Fagus sylvatica L., Forest Ecol. Manag., 242, 297–305, 2007.
Niemelä, J., Langor, D., and Spence, J. R.: Effects of clear-cut harvesting on boreal ground-beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in western Canada, Conserv. Biol., 7, 551–561, 1993.
Nilsson, S. G. and Ericson, L.: Conservation of plant and animal populations in theory and practice, Ecol. Bull., 117–139, 1997.
Nordén, J., Penttilä, R., Siitonen, J., Tomppo, E., and Ovaskainen, O.: Specialist species of wood-inhabiting fungi struggle while generalists thrive in fragmented boreal forests, J. Ecol., 101, 701–712, 2013.
Parviainen, J., Bücking, W., Vandekerkhove, K., Schuck, A., and Päivinen, R.: Strict forest reserves in Europe: efforts to enhance biodiversity and research on forests left for free development in Europe (EU-COST-Action E4), Forestry, 73, 107–118, 2000.
Penttilä, R., Siitonen, J., and Kuusinen, M.: Polypore diversity in managed and old-growth boreal Picea abies forests in southern Finland, Biol. Conserv., 117, 271–283, 2004.
Schulze, E.-D., Hessenmoeller, D., Knohl, A., Luyssaert, S., Boerner, A., and Grace, J.: Temperate and boreal old-growth forests: how do their growth dynamics and biodiversity differ from young stands and managed forests? in: Old-Growth Forests, edited by: Wirth, C., Gleixner, G., and Heimann, M., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 343–366, 2009.
Schulze, E. D., Bouriaud, L., Bussler, H., Gossner, M., Walentowski, H., Hessenmöller, D., Bouriaud, O., and Gadow, K. v.: Opinion Paper: Forest management and biodiversity, Web Ecol., 14, 3–10, 2014.
Sippola, A.-L.: Forest structure and biodiversity in northern boreal forests: Effects of regeneration cutting on flying beetles and wood-decomposing fungi, Arctic Centre Reports 35, Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki, 62 pp., 2001.
Standovár, T., Ódor, P., Aszalós, R., and Gálhidy, L.: Sensitivity of ground layer vegetation diversity descriptors in indicating forest naturalness, Community Ecol., 7, 199–209, 2006.
Stokland, J. N. and Larsson, K.-H.: Legacies from natural forest dynamics: Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forest, Forest Ecol. Manag., 261, 1707–1721, 2011.
Swanson, M. E., Studevant, N. M., Campbell, J. L., and Donato, D. C.: Biological associates of early-seral pre-forest in the Pacific Northwest, Forest Ecol. Manag., 324, 160–171, 2014.
Veen, P., Fanta, J., Raev, I., Biris, I. A., Smidt, J., and Maes, B.: Virgin forests in Romania and Bulgaria: results of two national inventory projects and their implications for protection, Biodivers. Conserv., 19,1805–1819, 2010.
Wallenius, T., Niskanen, L., Virtanen, T., Hottola, J., Brumelis, G., Angervuori, A., Julkunen, J., and Pihlström, M.: Loss of habitats, naturalness and species diversity in Eurasian forest landscapes, Ecol. Indic., 10, 1093–1101, 2010.
Wesołowski, T.: Virtual conservation: how the European Union is turning a blind eye to its vanishing primeval forests, Conserv. Biol., 19, 1349–1358, 2005.
Short summary
Clear-fellings to introduce heterogeneity can be an important component of a forest management plan. However, it is misleading to compare clear-fellings to protected areas dominated by old-growth forests using a simplistic measure of biodiversity and without a landscape perspective. To minimize the well-documented role of protected areas can have adverse effects on forested landscapes, primary forest remnants, and taxa that rely on forest structural elements characteristic of old-growth forests.
Clear-fellings to introduce heterogeneity can be an important component of a forest management...
Special issue