Clark, E.: Massive aggregations of large rays and sharks in and near Sarasota, Florida, Zoologica, N.Y., 61–64, 1963.
Compagno, L. J. V. (Ed.): Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2: Carcharhiniformes, FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO, 125, 251-655,
http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ad123e/ad123e00.HTM (last access: 24 October 2025), 1984.
Druon, J.-N., Campana, S., Vandeperre, F., Hazin, F. H. V., Bowlby, H., Coelho, R., Queiroz, N., Serena, F., Abascal, F., Damalas, D., Musyl, M., Lopez, J., Block, B., Afonso, P., Dewar, H., Sabarros, P. S., Finucci, B., Zanzi, A., Bach, P., Senina, I., Garibaldi, F., Sims, D. W., Navarro, J., Cermeño, P., Leone, A., Diez, G., Zapiain, M. T. C., Deflorio, M., Romanov, E. V., Jung, A., Lapinski, M., Francis, M. P., Hazin, H., and Travassos, P.: Global-Scale Environmental Niche and Habitat of Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) by Size and Sex: A Pivotal Step to Improving Stock Management, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 828412, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.828412, 2022.
Dutilloy, A. and Dunn, M. R.: Observations of sperm storage in some deep-sea elasmobranchs, Deep-Sea Res. I, 166, 103405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103405, 2020.
Fujinami, Y., Semba, Y., Okamoto, H., Ohshimo, S., and Tanaka, S.: Reproductive biology of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the western North Pacific Ocean, Mar. Freshwater Res., 68, 2018–2027, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16101, 2017.
Gordon, I.: Pre-copulatory behaviour of captive sandtiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, Environ. Biol. Fish. 38, 159–164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00842912, 1993.
Gore, M., Abels, L., Wasik, S., Saddler, L., and Ormond, R.: Are close-following and breaching behaviours by basking sharks at aggregation sites related to courtship?, J. Mar. Biol. Ass., 99, 681–693, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315418000383, 2019.
Harvey-Clark, C. J., Stobo, W. T., Helle, E., and Mattson, M.: Putative Mating Behavior in Basking Sharks off the Nova Scotia Coast, Copeia, 1999, 780, https://doi.org/10.2307/1447614, 1999.
Klimley, A. P.: Observations of Courtship and Copulation in the Nurse Shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, Copeia, 1980, 878–882, https://doi.org/10.2307/1444471, 1980.
Klimley, A. P., Porcher, I. F., Clua, E. E. G., and Pratt, H. L.: A review of the behaviours of the Chondrichthyes: a multi-specie
s ethogram for the chimaeras, sharks, and rays, Behav., 160, 967–1080, https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-bja10214, 2023.
Kohler, N. E., Turner, P. A., Hoey, J. J., Natanson, L. J., and Briggs, R.: Tag and recapture data for three pelagic shark species: blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), and porbeagle (Lamna nasus) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 54, 1231–1260, 2002.
Linnaeus, C.: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Editio Decima, Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp., 1758.
McCauley, D. J., Papastamatiou, Y. P., and Young, H. S.: An Observation of Mating in Free-Ranging Blacktip Reef Sharks, Carcbarbinus melanopterus, Pac. Sci., 64, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.2984/64.2.349, 2010.
Pratt, H. L.: Reproduction in the blue shark, Prionace glauca, Fish. B-NOAA, U.S., 77, 445–470, 1979.
Pratt, H. L.: The storage of spermatozoa in the oviducal glands of western North Atlantic sharks, in: The reproduction and development of sharks, skates, rays and ratfishes, vol. 14, edited by: Demski, L. S. and Wourms, J. P., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 139–149, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3450-9_12, 1993.
Pratt, H. L. and Carrier, J. C.: A Review of Elasmobranch Reproductive Behavior with a Case Study on the Nurse Shark, Ginglymostoma Cirratum, Environ. Biol. Fish., 60, 157–188, 2001.
Pratt, H. L. and Carrier, J. C.: Elasmobranch Courtship and Mating Behavior, In Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Chondrichthyes, CRC press, 129–169 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 2011.
Rohner, C. A., Richardson, A. J., Prebble, C. E., Marshall, A. D., Bennett, M. B., Weeks, S. J., Cliff, G., Wintner, S. P., and Pierce, S. J.: Laser photogrammetry improves size and demographic estimates for whale sharks, PeerJ, 3, e886, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.886, 2015.
Salinas-de-León, P., Hoyos-Padilla, E. M., and Pochet, F.: First observation on the mating behaviour of the endangered scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Environ. Biol. Fish., 100, 1603–1608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0668-0, 2017.
Sims, D. W., Berrow, S. D., O'Sullivan, K. M., Pfeiffer, N. J., Collins, R., Smith, K. L., Pfeiffer, B. M., Connery, P., Wasik, S., Flounders, L., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N. E., Womersley, F. C., and Southall, E. J.: Circles in the sea: annual courtship “torus” behaviour of basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus identified in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, J. Fish Biol., 101, 1160–1181, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15187, 2022.
Stevens, J. D.: The Occurrence and Significance of Tooth Cuts on the Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca L.) From British Waters, J. Mar. Biol. Ass., 54, 373–378, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400058604, 1974.
Stevens, J. D.: Further results from a tagging study of pelagic sharks in the north-east Atlantic, J. Mar. Biol. Ass., 70, 707–720, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400058999, 1990.
Talwar, B., Bond, M., Williams, S., Brooks, E., Chapman, D., Howey, L., Knotek, R., and Gelsleichter, J.: Reproductive timing and putative mating behavior of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus in the eastern Bahamas, Endang. Species. Res., 50, 181–194, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01231, 2023.
Vandeperre, F., Aires-da-Silva, A., Santos, M., Ferreira, R., Bolten, A. B., Serrao Santos, R., and Afonso, P.: Demography and ecology of blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the central North Atlantic, Fish. Res., 153, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2014.01.006, 2014.
Viducic, K., Natanson, L. J., Winton, M. V., and Humphries, A.: Reproductive characteristics for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Fish. B-NOAA, 120, 26–38, https://doi.org/10.7755/FB.120.1.3, 2022.
