Blumer, P. and Diemer, M.: The occurrence and consequences of grasshopper
herbivory in an alpine grassland, Swiss Central Alps, Arctic Alpine Res.,
28, 435–440, 1996.
Bolnick, D. I., Amarasekare, P., Araújo, M., Bürger, R., Levine,
J. M., Novak, M., Rudolf, V. H. W, Schreiber, S. J., Urban, M. C., and Vasseur, D. A.: Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology, Trends Ecol. Evol., 4, 183–192, 2011.
Brückner, A., Schuster, R., Wehner, K., and Heethoff, M.: Nutritional
quality modulates intraspecific trait variability, Front. Zool., 15, 50,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-018-0297-2, 2018.
Busch, V., Klaus, V. H., Schäfer, D., Prati, D., Boch, S., Müller,
J., Chisté, M., Mody, K., Blüthgen, N., Fischer, M., Hölzel, N.,
and Kleinebecker, T.: Will I stay or will I go? Plant species-specific
response and tolerance to high land-use intensity in temperate grassland
ecosystems, J. Veg. Sci., 30, 674–686, 2019.
Buse, J., Šlachta, M., Sladecke, F. X. J., and Carpaneto, G. M.: Summary of the morphological and ecological traits of Central European dung beetles,
Entomol. Sci., 21, 315–323, 2018.
Chacón-Labella, J., Hinojo-Hinojo, C., Bohner, T., Castorena, M.,
Violle, C., Vandvik, V., and Enquist, B. J.: How to improve scaling from
traits to ecosystem processes, Trends Ecol. Evol., 3096, 1–10, 2022.
Chisté, M. N., Mody, K., Gossner, M. M., Simons, N. K., Kohler, G.,
Weisser, W. W., and Blüthgen, N.: Losers, winners, and opportunists: How
grassland land-use intensity affects orthopteran communities, Ecosphere,
7, e01545, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1545, 2016.
Chisté, M. N., Mody, K., Knuz, G., Gunczy, J., and Blüthgen, N.:
Intensive land use drives small-scale homogenization of plant and leafhopper
communities and promotes generalists, Oecologia, 186, 529–540, 2018.
Crispo, E., DiBattista, J. D., Correa, C., Thibert-Plante, X., McKellar,
A. E., Schwartz, A. K., Berner, D., De León, L. F., and Hendry, A. P.: The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in response to anthropogenic disturbance, Evol. Ecol. Res., 12, 47–66, 2010.
de Bello, F., Lavroel, S., Albert, C. H., Thuiller, W., Grigulis, K.,
Dolezal, J., Janeček, S., and Lepš, J.: Quantifying the relevance of
intraspecific trait variability for functional diversity, Methods Ecol.
Evol., 2, 163–174, 2011.
deCastro-Arrazola, I., Andrew, N. R., Berg, M. P., Curtsdotter, A., Lumaret,
J.-P., Menéndez, R., Moretti, M., Nervo, B., Nichols, E. S.,
Sánchez-Piñero, F., Santos, A. M. C., Sheldon, K. S., Slade, E. M., and Hortal, J.: A trait-based framework for dung beetle functional ecology, J. Animal Ecol., 92, 44–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13829, 2022.
Des Roches, S., Post, D. M., Turley, N. E., Bailey, J. K., Hendry, A. P.,
Kinnison, M. T., Schweitzer, J. A., and Palkovacs, E. P.: The ecological
importance of intraspecific variation, Nature Ecol. Evol., 2, 57–64, 2018.
Fischer, M., Bossdorf, O., Gockel, S., Hansel, F., Hemp, A., Hessenmoller,
D., Korte, G., Nieschulze, J., Pfeiffer, S., Prati, D., Renner, S.,
Schöning, I., Schumacher, U., Wells, K., Buscot, F., Kalko, E. K. V.,
Linsenmair, E., Schulze, E.-D., and Weisser, W. W.: Implementing large-scale
and long-term functional biodiversity research: The Biodiversity
Exploratories, Basic Appl. Ecol., 11, 473–485, 2010.
Frank, K., Hulsmann, M., Assmann, T., Schmitt, T., and Blüthgen, N.:
Land use affects dung beetle communities and their ecosystem service in
forests and grasslands, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 243, 114–122, 2017.
Frank, K., Krell, F. T., Slade, E. M., Raine, E. H., Chiew, L. Y., Schmitt, T., Vairappan C. S., Walter, P., and Blüthgen, N.: Global dung webs: high
trophic generalism of dung beetles along the latitudinal diversity gradient,
Ecol. Lett., 21, 1229–1236, 2018.
Gallai, N., Salles, J.-M., Settele, J., and Vaissière, B. E.: Economic
valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with
pollinator decline, Ecol. Econom., 68, 810–821, 2009.
Goulson, D., Rayner, P., Dawson, B., and Darvill, B.: Translating research
into action; bumblebee conservation as a case study, J. Appl. Ecol., 48,
3–8, 2011.
Grass, I., Albrecht, J., Farwig, N., and Jauker, F.: Plant traits and
landscape simplification drive intraspecific trait diversity of
Bombus terrestris in wildflower plantings, Basic Appl. Ecol., 57, 91–101, 2021.
Habel, J. C., Ulrich, W., Biburger, N., Seibold, S., and Schmitt, T.:
Agricultural intensification drives butterfly decline, Insect Conserv. Div., 12, 289–295, https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12343, 2019.
Kahl, T. and Bauhus, J.: An index of forest management intensity based on
assessment of harvested tree volume, tree species composition and dead wood
origin, Nature Conserv., 7, 15–27, 2014.
Kämper, W., Weiner, C., Kühsel, S., Storm, C., Eltz, T., and
Blüthgen, N.: Evaluating the effects of floral resource specialisation
and nitrogen regualtion on the vulnerabilty of social bees in agricultural
landscapes, Apidologie, 48, 371–383, 2017.
Kim, K. C.: Biodiversity, conservation and inventory – Why insects matter,
Biodiv. Conserv., 2, 191–214, 1993.
Kühsel, S.: Pollinator trait diversity: functional implications at
different land-use intensities and environmental conditions, Disseration at
the TU Darmstadt,
http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de, last access: 31 December 2015.
Kühsel, S. and Blüthgen, N.: High diversity stabilizes the thermal
resilience of pollinator communities in intensively managed grasslands,
Nat. Commun., 6, 7989, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8989, 2015.
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., and Christensen, R. H. B.: lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models, J. Stat. Softw., 82,
1–26, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13, 2017.
Lentini, P. E., Martin, T. G., Gibbons, P., Fischer, J., and Cunningham, S. A.: Supporting wild pollinators in a temperate agricultural landscape:
Maintaining mosaics of natural features and production, Biol. Conserv., 149,
84–92, 2012.
Lepš, J., de Bello, F., Šmilauer, P., and Doležal, J.: Community
trait response to environment: disentangling species turnover vs
intraspecific trait variability effects, Ecography, 34, 856–863, 2011.
Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J. P., Hector,
A., Hooper, D. U., Huston, M. A., Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., Tilman, D., and
Wardle, D. A.: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and
future challenges, Science, 294, 804–808, 2001.
Mangels, J., Fiedler, K., Schneider, F. D., and Blüthgen, N.: Diversity
and trait composition of moths respond to land-use intensification in
grasslands: generalists replace specialists, Biodiv. Conserv., 26,
3385–3405, 2017.
Mimura, M., Yahara, T., Faitha, D. P., Vázquez-Domínguez, E.,
Colautti, R. I., Araki, H., Javadi, F., Núñez-Farfán, J., Mori,
A. S., Zhou, S., Hollingsworth, P. M., Neaves, L. E., Fukano, Y., Smith, G. F., Sato, Y.-I., Tachida, H., and Hendry, A. P.: Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impact on intraspecific variation, Evol. Appl.,
10, 121–139, 2016.
Moczek, A. P.: Horn polyphenism in the beetle
Onthophagus taurus: larval diet quality and plasticity in parental investment determine adult body size and male horn morphology, Behav. Ecol., 9, 636–641, 1998.
Neff, F., Blüthgen, N., Chisté, M. N., Simons, N. K., Steckel, J.,
Weisser, W. W., Westphal, C., Pellissier, L., and Gossner, M. M.: Cross-scale
effects of land use on the functional composition of herbivorous insect
communities, Landscape Ecol., 34, 2001–2015, 2019.
Nichols, E., Spector, S., Louzada, J., Larsen, T., Amequita, S., Favila,
M. E., and Network, S. R.: Ecological functions and ecosystem services
provided by Scarabaeinae dung beetles, Biol. Conserv., 141, 1461–1474,
2008.
Palkovacs, E. P., Kinnison, M. T., Correa, C., Daltons, C. M., and Hendry,
A. P.: Fates beyond traits: ecological consequences of human-introduced trait
change, Evol. Appl., 5, 183–191, 2011.
Palkovacs, E. P., Moritsch, M. M., Contolini, G. M., and Pelletier, F.: Ecology of harvest-driven trait changes and implications for ecosystem management, Front. Ecol. Environ., 16, 20–18, 2018.
Parsons, S. M. A. and Joern, A.: Life history traits associated with body size covary along a latitudinal gradient in a generalist grasshopper, Oecologia, 174, 379–391, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2785-6, 2014.
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D., and R Core Team: nlme:
Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models, R package version 3.1-152,
http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme, last access: 17 April 2021.
Potts, S. G., Biesmeijer, J. C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., and
Kunin, W. E.: Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers, Trends
Ecol. Evol., 25, 345–353, 2010.
Prieto, I., Violle, C., Barre, P., Durand, J., Ghesquiere, M., and Litrico,
I.: Complementary effects of species and genetic diversity on productivity
and stability of sown grasslands, Nat. Plants, 1, 15033, https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.33, 2015.
Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Tylianakis, J. M., and Laliberté, E.: The
winners and losers of land use intensification: Pollinator community
disassembly is non-random and alters functional diversity, Div. Dist.,
20, 908–917, 2014.
Raine, E. H., Gray, C. L., Mann, D. J., and Slade, E. M.: Tropical dung beetle morphological traits predict functional traits and show intraspecific
differences across land uses, Ecol. Evol., 8, 8686–8696, 2018.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,
https://www.R-project.org/, last access: 19 October 2020.
Samways, M. J.: Insects in biodiversity conservation – Some perspectives and
directives, Biodiv. Conserv., 2, 258–282, 1993.
Seibold, S., Gossner, M. M., Simons, N. K., Blüthgen, N., Müller, J.,
Ambarli, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Fischer, M., Habel, J. C., Linsenmair,
K. E., Nauss, T., Penone, C., Prati, D., Schall, P., Schulze, E.-D., Vogt,
J., Wöllauer, S., and Weisser, W. W.: Arthropod decline in grasslands and
forests is associated with landscape-level drivers, Nature, 574, 671–674,
2019.
Thebault, A., Mariotte, P., Lortie, C. J., and MacDougall, A. S.: Land
management trumps the effects of climate change and elevated CO
2 on
grassland functioning, J. Ecol., 102, 896–904, 2014.
Theodorou, P., Baltz, L. M., Paxton, R. J., and Soro, A.: Urbanization is
associated with shifts in bumblebee body size,with cascading effects on
pollination, Evol. Appl., 14, 53–68, 2021.
Tilman, D., Fargione, J., Wolff, B., D'Antonio, C., Dobson, A., Howarth, R.,
Schindler, D., Schlesinger, W. H., Simberloff, D., and Swackhamer, D.:
Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change, Science, 292,
281–284, 2001.
Vandewalle, M., De Bello, F., Berg, M. P., Bolger, T., Doledec, S., Dubs, F.,
Feld, C. K., Harrington, R., Harrison, P. A., Lavorel, S., da Silva, P. M.,
Moretti, M., Niemelä, J., Santos, P., Sattler, T., Sousa, J. P., Sykes,
M. T., Vanbergen, A. J., and Woodcock, B. A.: Functional traits as indicators
of biodiversity response to land use changes across ecosystems and
organisms, Biodiv. Conserv., 19, 2921–2947, 2010.
Violle, C., Enquist, B. J., McGill, B. J., Jiang, L., Albert, C. H., Hulshof,
C., Jung, V., and Messier, J.: The return of the variance: intraspecific
variability in community ecology, Trends Ecol. Evol., 27, 244–252, 2012.
Wehner, K., Schuster, R., Simons, N. K., Norton, R. A., Blüthgen, N., and
Heethoff, M.: How land-use intensity affects sexual and parthenogenetic
oribatid mites in temperate forests and grasslands in Germany, Exp. Appl.
Acarol., 83, 343–373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00586-z, 2021a.
Wehner, K., Renker, C., Simons, N. K., Weisser, W. W., and Blüthgen, N.:
Trait filtering and narrow environmental niche predict land-use responses
and vulnerability of land snail assemblages, BMC Evol. Biol., 21, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01741-1, 2021b.
Weiner, C. N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K. E., and Blüthgen, N.: Land-use
impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and
specialization predict pollinator declines, Ecology, 95, 466–474, 2014.
Wong, M. K. L. and Carmona, C. P.: Including intraspecific trait variability
to avoid distortion of functional diversity and ecological inference:
Lessons from natural assemblages, Methods Ecol. Evol., 12, 946–957, 2020.
Zhang, G., Han, X., and Elser, J. J.: Rapid top–down regulation of plant C:
N: P stoichiometry by grasshoppers in an Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem,
Oecologia, 166, 253–264, 2011.
